Adsorption of Lead (II) Ions onto Goethite Chitosan Beads: Isotherms, Kinetics, and Mechanism Studies

Lead is a highly toxic heavy metal that creates water pollutant. It can be released from industrial processes, agricultural chemistry, and community wastes, affecting creatures human health even at low concentration. As result, it advised lead removed before releasing wastewater into the environment. This study synthesized three chitosan bead materials shrimp shell wastes which were powder beads (CB), mixed with goethite (CFB), coated (CBF) for removing in an aqueous solution. Their surface area, pore volumes, sizes explored according to Brunauer– Emmett–Teller, their crystalline formations investigated using X-ray diffractometer. structures studied field emission scanning electron microscopy focus ion beam, chemical compositions determined energy dispersive spectrometer. functional groups identified via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition, batch experiments conducted investigate effects of several factors on lead, adsorption isotherm kinetics also determining pattern mechanism. desorption confirm possible material reusability. The CBF demonstrated highest area smallest size compared other materials. CFB micropores, whereas those CB mesopores. All semicrystalline structures, specific peaks observed CBF. had spherical shapes heterogeneous surfaces. Six components O, C, Ca, N, Cl, Na discovered all materials, Fe was only found because addition goethite. Five main N–H, O–H, C–H, C–O, –COOH optimum conditions CB, CFB, 0.5 g, 16 h, pH 5, 0.4 14 respectively. results high-efficiency adsorbents solution by more than 95%, whereby showed removal 99%. Freundlich model pseudo-second-order kinetic helped well explain maximum capacities 322.58, 333.33, 344.83 mg/g, Furthermore, reused cycles high 94%; so, they are potential application applications.